EEconCompanion

Senior High Economics,made easy to understand.

A weekly lesson companion for Ghanaian SHS students — clear summaries, real-life examples, and practice questions tagged by Depth of Knowledge (DOK 1–4).

Week 1Available now

Currently viewing: Economese & InfographicsIntroduction to Economics

At a glance

Lesson overview

Strand

Consumers' Rational Decision Making

Sub-strand

Introduction to the Subject of Economics

Content standard

Apply knowledge and understanding of the tools used in Economics.

Learning outcome

Use the appropriate economic tools to explain everyday economic issues.

Learning indicators

  • Apply words (economese) in explaining peculiar economic issues.
  • Apply infographics to explain peculiar economic issues.

Lesson summary

The big idea, in plain language

Economics is the study of how people, businesses and governments make choices about scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. This week we focus on two everyday tools an economist uses to think clearly: the special vocabulary of the subject — what we call "economese" — and simple infographics such as demand schedules and demand curves.

You'll see how words like demand, supply, scarcity, opportunity cost and inflation are not just textbook terms — they describe what happens in Makola Market, at the trotro station, and on your family's shopping list. We then turn those words into pictures: a demand schedule (a table of price and quantity) becomes a demand curve, and suddenly a long paragraph of explanation fits on one chart. By the end of the lesson you should be able to read an economic situation, name it in economese, and sketch a small infographic that explains it to someone else.

Key vocabulary

Key terms for this week

Hover or tap a card for an example you can recognise from daily life.

Economics

The study of how scarce resources are allocated to satisfy unlimited human wants.

e.g. Deciding whether to spend your GH₵20 on lunch or transport fare is an economic choice.

Scarcity

A situation where wants exceed the resources available to satisfy them.

e.g. Limited classroom textbooks for 46 learners is scarcity.

Opportunity Cost

The value of the next best alternative forgone when a choice is made.

e.g. Studying on Saturday means you give up watching the league match — that match is the opportunity cost.

Demand

The quantity of a good consumers are willing and able to buy at various prices in a given period.

e.g. More people buy kelewele when the price drops from GH₵10 to GH₵5.

Supply

The quantity of a good producers are willing and able to sell at various prices.

e.g. Tomato sellers bring more crates to market when prices are high.

Inflation

A sustained general rise in the price level of goods and services over time.

e.g. A loaf of bread that cost GH₵5 last year now costs GH₵8.

Infographic

A visual representation (chart, graph, diagram) that communicates information quickly.

e.g. A demand curve sloping downwards shows the price–quantity relationship at a glance.

Practice · Part 1

10 objective questions

Pick an answer to get instant feedback. Tagged by Depth of Knowledge (DOK) — from straight recall to extended reasoning.

Question 1

DOK 1 · Recall

Which of the following best defines Economics?

Question 2

DOK 1 · Recall

The term 'economese' refers to…

Question 3

DOK 1 · Recall

Which of these is an example of an infographic in Economics?

Question 4

DOK 2 · Skill

Ama had GH₵20 and chose to buy a textbook instead of airtime. The airtime she gave up is her…

Question 5

DOK 2 · Skill

If the price of gari falls and consumers buy more of it, this illustrates the law of…

Question 6

DOK 2 · Skill

A demand schedule is best described as…

Question 7

DOK 3 · Strategic

Fuel prices in Ghana rise sharply. Which economese term best captures the likely effect on the prices of food in markets?

Question 8

DOK 3 · Strategic

Look at this mini-schedule for kenkey: Price 2 → Qty 50; Price 4 → Qty 35; Price 6 → Qty 20. What does the implied curve look like?

Question 9

DOK 3 · Strategic

A trader says: 'I can't stock every item my customers ask for — I just don't have the space or money.' Which economic concept is she describing?

Question 10

DOK 4 · Extended

If you had to choose ONE infographic to convince your community that fuel-price increases hurt food prices, which would communicate the link most powerfully?

Score so far: 0 / 10(0 answered)

Practice · Part 2

5 short-answer & case study questions

Write your response, then check your answer to see which key ideas you covered and compare with a model answer.

Question 1 · 4 marks

DOK 1 · Recall

Define the term 'scarcity' and give one example from your home.

Question 2 · 5 marks

DOK 2 · Skill

Explain, using your own words, the difference between a demand schedule and a demand curve.

Question 3 · 6 marks

DOK 2 · Skill

Case study

Kofi has GH₵50. He can either buy a new school shirt or save the money for next term's transport.

Identify the opportunity cost of each option and explain why opportunity cost matters in everyday decisions.

Question 4 · 8 marks

DOK 3 · Strategic

Case study

In Makola Market, tomato prices doubled within two weeks after heavy rains destroyed several farms in the Volta Region.

Use at least THREE economese terms (e.g. supply, demand, scarcity, price, inflation) to explain why this happened.

Question 5 · 10 marks

DOK 4 · Extended

Case study

Your local assembly is debating whether to spend GH₵100,000 either (a) on a new ICT lab for your school or (b) on extending the market's cold-storage facility.

As a young economist, write a short case-study response: which option would you recommend and why? Sketch (in words) one infographic you would use to defend your choice to the assembly.